日本《海洋基本法》框架下的政策进展研究

Research on the Progress of Japan's Maritime Policy under the Framework of The Basic Ocean Law

2007年《海洋基本法》的出台标志着日本实施海洋战略的一次重大转变。在此框架下,日本于2008年、2013年接连制订了两期《海洋基本计划》,形成了完整的政策体系,在海洋开发、安全保障、综合管理等方面全力推进,取得了可观的进展。日本综合协调、统筹实施海洋政策的实践经验值得借鉴。在《海洋基本计划》的实施过程中,日本的海洋政策呈现出更具进取性、扩张性及强硬性的发展趋势。可以认为,全面推进海洋资源开发和不断扩展海洋军事空间将是日本长期坚持的政策重点。日本海洋政策所具有的扩张性,有悖于以合作、共管为中心的海洋治理原则,且有损东亚海域的安全与稳定。

The issuance of The Basic Ocean Law（BOL）in 2007 marked a major shift in the implementation of Japan’s maritime policy.Under the framework of BOL,Japan had made two Basic Ocean Plans in 2008 and 2013,so as to form a complete policy system.Japan achieved considerable progress in the aspect of ocean development,maritime security,comprehensive management,etc.Japan’s practice of comprehensive coordination and overall planning is worth learning.During the implementation of the Basic Ocean Plans,Japan’s maritime policy had been becoming more aggressive,expansionary and hawkish.Itcanbeconsideredthatpromoting full-scale resource development and ever-expanding military space will keep being Japan’s maritime policy priorities in a long run.The expansionary maritime policy of Japan goes against the fundamental principle of ocean-governance that focus on cooperation and co-management and it will do harm to the safety and stability of East Asian Sea.