我国国家级高新技术园区创新效率的测度与区域比较研究——基于创新价值链视角

Measurement and Regional Comparison on Innovation Efficiency of China's National High and New Tech Parks: From the Perspective of Innovation Value Chain

基于创新价值链理论构建技术研发、产品开发和产品销售的创新效率测度理论模型,采用因子分析定权法计算我国115个国家级高新技术园区的创新效率,并根据测度所得数值对样本园区进行两个维度的定位,将其划分为不同类型。计算结果显示,我国高新区三个阶段的创新效率值均偏低,其中技术研发阶段效率最低。高新区所处城市的地理区域、经济发展水平和园区主导产业均会影响创新效率。大部分样本高新区均存在不同阶段的创新短板。研发资源非优化配置、创新环境不完善、产业设置不合理以及产品附加值较低等因素影响东部地区高新园区的效率,而高端人才流失、产业基础薄弱、产学研结合度不高以及地区经济开放度较低则导致大部分中西部园区创新效率较低。

Based on the theory of innovation value chain, this paper constructs a theoretical model of innovation efficiency measurement on technology research and development, product development and product sales. Then it calculates the innovation efficiency of China＇s 115 national hi-tech zones by adopting the factor weighting method. According to the numerical value gained from the measure- ment, the locations of the sample zones are determined on the two dimensions and are divided into different types. The results show that the innovation efficiencies of China＇s high tech zones at all the three stages are rather low, of which the efficiency of technology research and development is the lowest. The innovation efficiency is influenced by geographic area, economic development level and leading industry of the high-tech zones. Most of the high-tech zone samples have innovative shortcomings at different stages. Such factors as unoptimized allocation of R＆D resources, imperfect innovation environment, unreasonable industry arrangement and lower product added value are affecting the efficiencies of the hi-tech zones in the eastern region; while such factors as high-end talent loss, weak industrial base, lower degree of production-university-research cooperation and lower degree of local economic openness would lead to lower innovation efficiency of most high-tech zones in the mid-western region.