感知与意向性——解释体验内涵的一种现象学尝试

Perception and Intentionality: Explaining Experience under the Phenomenology Perspective

自体验概念引入,现象学方法在旅游分析中日渐受到重视。作为一种早期的尝试,研究引入了胡塞尔的意向性理论对一般体验的生成问题进行了探索。在"意向行为-意向内容-意向对象"结构的引导下,研究解析了3个与体验相关的命题:1)体验领域的一个本质特性是意识的意向性;2)就意向性这个词来说,体验应被视为是特定意识对意向对象的一种经验;3)这种经验的层次性从根本上规定了体验现象与体验质量的层次性。借助于对颜色观念的阐释及雾霾环境对游客体验质量影响的实证分析,分析提出并阐释了基于意向性理论的意识谱系的枝向量结构概念。且指出,随现象学方法的深入,旅游体验研究的热点下一步或将转移到对特定意识谱系的梳理与建设上。

Since the concept of experience was introduced into tourism study, arguments about tourist experience in academic circles never stops. Review of previous work, tourist experience has occupied a significant space in the study of tourism since 1964, as while as the concept of experience was introduced into tourism study, phenomenology has become increasingly popular as a research perspective to study personal experience in tourism situation. A lot of researchers claim that phenomenology can provides us with a research-based approach to the tourist experience, and their methods main draw upon Husserl and Heidegger. This paper aims to explore experience with Husserl＇ s theory of intentionality in tourism study. Intentionality is one of the triple greet-discovery of phenomenology. This theory plays function not only in Husserl＇ s phenomenology, but also plays function throughout the whole process of the phenomenological movement in the 20th century. The word of intentionality which always be explained as ＂consciousness is always of something＂. In this saying of Husserl＇s, there are three problems to be answered for the experience： Firstly, why does consciousness always of something？ Secondly, How does consciousness of something？ Thirdly, why does the experience will break difference one by one. With the help of Husserl＇s phenomenology, paper makes a discussion about tourist experience. Based on the understanding of the ＂directedness＂ feature of the consciousness, paper points out that the activities of consciousness directs to the object through interpretation, which is the reason that cause the individual＇s experience to multiply and difference .With the structure of ＂Noetik-Noesis-Noema＂ （intentional acts- intentional content-intentional-obeject）, this paper as well as builds a paradigm named of ＂Structure of Branch-Vector in Spectrum of Consciousness＂, What offers a framework to analyze tourist experiences. Through some analysis about the means of color stereotypes and the Haze-fog weather impact on the quality of experience, this paper confirms it. In the conclusion, it advices that if tourism research wishes to speak about experience in deeply, at least from Husserlian perspective, then it should be pay more attention to building and using the ＂Structure of Branch-Vector in Spectrum of Consciousness＂.