从政治实践话语到文化阐释策略——以詹姆逊对毛泽东思想的美学挪用为例

From Discourse of Political Practice to Strategy for Cultural Interpretation:Jameson's Aesthetic Transformation of Mao Zedong Thought

西方左翼运动在现实中遭遇挫折之后,其实践经验转化为一种文本阐释的方法,但甚少有研究这样追问:政治实践的失败,如何在话语实践中重新获得新生?本文试图以个案研究——詹姆逊对毛泽东思想的美学挪用——将这一转化的来龙去脉展现清楚,这一转化以三种方式表现出来:一是理论的旅行——通过文本的旅行而发生变异,二是实践的影响——通过语境的抽空而发生变形,三是对毛思想的化用——保留能指、转变所指。在詹姆逊的视域中,毛的思想和实践是一个进行理论反思的着力点,也是一个理想化了的"他者"。

After the Western left-wing movement suffered setbacks in reality, its practice experience has been transformed into a method of textual interpretation. However, there are very limited studies to question how the failure of such political practice is reborn in a new discourse. This paper tries to explain its process through the case of Jameson＇s transformation of Mao Zedong thought into aesthetic. The transformation finds its expression in three aspects： 1 ） theory travel -- variation occurs as the text travels ; 2） the impact of the practice -- deviance happens when the text is decontextualized ; and 3 ） the transformative borrowing -- the signifier is preserved and the signified modified. In Jameson＇s view, Mao Zedong thought and practice is a point of departure for theoretical reflections in this regard, thus becoming an idealized ＂other＂.