现代学术体系的建构与民间文学经典的匮乏——以周作人民间文学理论及实践为中心

On the Construction of Modern Academic System and the Lack of Folk Literature Classics: with Focus on Zhou Zuoren's Folk Literature Theory and Practice

在"五四"一代学人研究"民间"的热潮中,周作人显得更为清醒与客观,他以学术性与文学性双线并进的方式,辩证阐发了贵族精神与平民精神,精准区分了民间文学与通俗文学,从而在文化人类学的理论框架中建构起了民间理论研究的基本格局,奠定了民俗学、民间文学、通俗文学研究的学科分化路径。但是,隐藏在其学术与文学追求背后改造国民性的良好愿景,也正由于其"唯理主义"的局限,难以在中西文化之间找到"中心源泉",对民间文学进行大胆改造,从而使其民间文学实践流于失败。本文通过对周作人民间研究理论与实践的考察,从而追索20世纪民间研究为何呈现出理论繁荣,实践薄弱的局面,缺乏象《格林童话》这样的民间文学经典的规律性原因。

Among the ＂May 4th＂ generation of scholars, Zhou Zuoren had a more sober and objective attitude towards ＂ the folks＂. From both academic and literary aspects, he explained noble and populace spirits dialectically, and accurately distinguished the folk literature from popular literature, thus he built a theoretical framework for folk culture as a branch in cultural anthropology, making clear the distinct disciplines of folklore, folk literature, and popular literature. Implicit within his academic and literary pursuit was his good wish to improve the national character, but because of the limitation of＂ rationalism＂ , Zhou underwent a hard way to find the driving power between Chinese and western cultures, so his innovation and practice of folk literature failed. This paper, through the research of Zhou Zuoren＇ s theory and practice of the ＂folk＂, tries to find why the theory of the folk research is more prosperous than that practiced in the 20th century, and why we lack classic folk literature such as Grimms＇ Fairy Tales.