我们是否需要一种“需求侧创新政策”——来自“先进”国家的经验

Do we need a “demand-side innovation policy”? Experiences from “advanced” countries

OECD《需求侧创新政策》报告的发布,引起了我国政策界和学术界的高度重视,也留下了如何学习"先进"国家经验的政策难题。通过回溯需求侧创新政策及其代表性政策工具创新型公共采购的学术渊源,本文指出:对需求的不同理解、把握和反应能力从理论上构成了"先进"国家对该政策认知和实践迥异的原因。进而在样本有限的情况下,借助MVQAP方法实证了这种知行之间的张力并揭示了其背后所可能存在的"理性"。进而在回顾主要政策企业家埃德勒(Jakob Edler)博士政策倡导工作的基础上,澄清欧盟国家推行"万灵药"式需求侧创新政策的核心,在于为探索不同于美国式/技术推动型线性创新模型的发展道路提供必要的合法性基础。因此对于中国而言,还市场更大的空间去通过自身界定需求,以及重拾发现和解决创新激励与扩散问题的自信,才是真正需要我国学习的"最佳实践"和当务之急。

The＂Demand-Side Innovation Policy＂attracted remarkable attention from China＇s policy and academic communities,as soon as it was launched by OECD. By getting the demand-side innovation policy（ DSIP） as well as its typical policy instrument,public procurement for innovation（ PPI） carefully reviewed,it is found that,it is the diverse understandings to,as well as the different capabilities in handling and reacting the demand,determine the heterogeneous cognitions and practices to this specific policy. The MVQAP method basing on the network data is employed to examine the tension between the cognitions and practices,and furthermore their ＂rationalities＂among ＂developed＂countries,giving the constrain of limited samples. On top of the quantitative part,advocacy works from one of the most essential policy entrepreneurs Dr. Jakob Edler were also modestly investigated. The＂catholicon＂metaphor to the DSIP promoted by the European Union countries rely heavily on their enormous legitimacy demand in exploring alternative ways beyond the U. S technology driven linear innovation model. China＇s priority to learn as a result,it to leave the market itself to define the real demand,and to regain the confidence in discovering and resolving the real problems in stimulating and diffusing innovation,where there must be more than one version of the DSIP.