日本天皇“四方拜”与中国古代北斗信仰、道教科仪

“Si Fangbai” of Mikado and the Belief of Big Dipper and Taoism Rite

日本天皇"四方拜"乃皇室"恒例祭奠仪式"之一,於每年正月元日寅时在皇宫中举行。仪式中,天皇依次拜属星、拜天地四方神祇、拜父母山陵,祈求国泰民安,福祚绵长。本文在诸先行研究的基础上,主要探讨三个问题:一、"四方拜"的起始年代及具体作法;二、"四方拜"与中国古代占星术(北斗信仰)和道教北斗延命术(斋醮科仪)的传承关系;三、中国道教《北极七元紫庭秘诀》与日本密宗《北斗七星延命经》、中国道教"北帝七元真君图"(画像)与日本"北斗七星神佛画像"的传承关系等。本文乃笔者"日本古代文化源流考"综合研究的一部分。

＂Si Fangbai＂ of Mikado is one of forever rite of the royalty. It is held at about three o＇ clock in the morning on the first day of every year. In this rite, Mikado worships the star, the Gods and the mountains which his ancestors belong to. So he can pray for his country and people. The paper is mainly about three aspects： the origin of ＂Si Fangbai＂ and its operational approach; the relationship between ＂Si Fangbai＂ and the belief of big dipper and Taoism; the relationship between Chinese Taoism and Japanese Tantra. This paper is one of my comprehensive research of ancient Japan＇ s cultural origin.