战后日本和平教育的内容与特点评析——以和平博物馆为视角

The Contents and Features' Review of Japanese Peace Education after WW Ⅱ——In the Perspective of the Peace Museums

二战后期美国的战略空袭及原子弹的投放使日本遭受重创,战争的失败及战后民主改革的展开,宣告1890年以来所确立的军国主义教育体制在日本的解体。战后日本教育体制进行了民主化与非军事化改革,促使形式多样的和平教育活动开始在日本社会兴起,使其成为世界上最早开展和平教育的国家之一。同时,在国内"和平主义"运动的影响下,日本兴起了修建和平博物馆以及对各种战争"遗迹"进行保护并对外开放展示的社会运动。各种类型及题材的和平博物馆,成为日本社会进行和平教育的重要载体,通过考察战后日本和平博物馆的发展,可很好地观察战后日本和平教育的内容及特点。

The air strikes and two bomb from America in Post-WWⅡ ,had taken great damage to Japan. The failure of the war and the expanding of Democratic Reforms, meaning the Militarism Education System which established after 1890 was unsuccessful. Demilitarization reforms had taken in the education system, which prompting several new forms of peace education generated in Japan and made it to be one of the earliest country in the world.Meanwhile, there is a social movement which to build peace museums and all kinds of war relics being protected and opened to the public. Lots of peace museums which with different types and themes had been built, and they had become the main places of peace education activities. By observing the development of peace museums after WW Ⅱ ,it could give us a clear picture of the contents and features of peace education in Japan.