高考命题公平性探研

On the equity of college entrance examinations

命题公平是高考公平的重要基础。目前,高考命题的公平性并不主要体现在命题的组织方式方面,而是集中反映在命题的具体内容方面。由于考生在家庭背景、知识结构和性别特征等方面存在差异,命题内容中所包含的立意转向、城市偏好、区域倾向以及科目设置和题型类别等均能影响其答题效果乃至高考成绩。此外,命题组织方式的统一与分散虽不直接关涉高考公平,但社会各界关于高考命题方式的论争却根源于他们对公平的忧思。公平的高考命题有助于甄别社会各阶层中的优秀人才,对主流社会文化的传承与社会阶层的纵向流动具有重要意义。

Equity is an important foundation for college entrance examinations. This is reflected in the organization and specific questions. Since candidates vary in family background, knowledge structure and gender identity, their scores are tremendously affected by questions which contain some bias for certain conceptions, urbanity, localized disposition, arrangement of subjects and questions. Worries arise out of conventional walks of life about the inequity due to misunderstandings rooted in their minds. Equity can not only help to identify talents in all sectors of society, but it can also be important for heritage of mainstream culture and vertical mobility in social classes.