我国公交行业公私合作的实践、困境与对策

Practice,Dilemma and Countermeasures for the Cooperation between Private and Public Transportation in China

公交公私合作既是缓解财政压力、改善经营管理、推进政府公共管理改革的需要,也是公共物品理论、产权理论以及委托代理理论在公共服务市场化改革中的应用和实践。改革开放以来,我国公交公私合作经过初期尝试、探索迈进、改革热潮三个阶段后,出现了"民退国进"的逆民营化现象。国内外成功案例的经验表明,公交公私合作的成败和绩效受到体制环境和制度结构的影响和制约,需要有健全的市场机制和完善的立法、政府部门的大力支持和严格监督、专门的管理机构和专业化人才以及完善的财政补贴制度和风险分担机制。应完善相关政策法规,提高政府公共管理能力,提升依法监管水平,优化监管方法和手段,完善风险分担机制,以有效推进公交公私合作改革实践。

The cooperation between private and public transportation industry is not only the demand to relieve financial stress, improve business management and promote governmental public management reform, but also is the application and practice of the public goods theory, property rights theory and the principal-agent theory in infrastructure market reform. Since the reform and opening up, after China＇ s public transportation privatization reform experienced such three stages as the initial exploration, striding forward and the reform upsurge, the reverse privatization phenomenon with national assets increase but private assets decrease is emerged. Foreign and domestic successful examples show that the success or failure and the performance of the public and private cooperation of transportation are influenced and restricted by system environment and institutional structure and need to perfect market mechanism and legislation, governmental support and supervision, specialized management agencies and professional talents and governmental financial subsidy related policies and laws, raise governmental public system and risk-sharing mechanism. China should perfect the management capacity, improve supervision level by laws, optimize supervision methods and measures, and perfect risk-sharing mechanism so as to effectively promote the practice in the reform of public and private cooperation of the transportation.