论法治视野下我国审判权独立的困境与对策

On the Dilemma and Countermeasures of the Independence of Judicial Power in the Perspective of the Rule of Law

审判权独立是实现依法治国的必要条件,但是在宪法层面确立审判权独立行使原则和审判权独立在我国己经充分践行两者不可同日而语。纵观我国的司法实践,审判权独立面临的现实障碍主要有审判权行使的地方化、审判工作管理的行政化和法官构成的非专业化。而对审判权独立的认识和对审判权定位的不准确,审判权运行机制的不合理,审判权独立保障制度建设的不足则是上述障碍存在的重要原因。审判权独立对法治社会而言是应有之义,对保障司法裁判的公平、正义,解决社会纠纷,具有重要的意义。要扫清以上障碍,让审判权得以独立行使应从以下几方面入手:一是要理顺审判权运行机制,实现审判权独立;二是完善审判保障机制,保障审判权独立;三是要走法官精英化道路,践行审判权独立。

The independence of judicial power is the precondition of the rule of law. Though this principle has been written in the constitution in China, in reality the judicial power is restricted by many obstacles. This essay classifies these obstacles into 3 kinds, the localization of judicial power; the administration of trial operation management and the non-specialization of judges. The important reasons for the above obstacles include inaccurate cognition of judicial power and inaccurate positioning of judicial power independence, the unreasonable operating mechanism of judicial power and the lack of institutional construction for the judicial power independence. Judicial power independence is an intrinsic requirement of rule of law and has important significance for guaranteeing justice and fairness of judicial adjudication and maintaining social order. In order to get rid of those obstacles and make the judicial power really independent, the followings measures are recommended, firstly, make all kinds of relations clear to realize the independence of judicial power; secondly, improve all kinds of security mechanisms to ensure the independence of judicial power; thirdly, promote the reform of judge selection system and practice the independence of judicial power.