2种机械排痰法在人工气道患者中排痰护理的应用比较

Comparison of two mechanical sputum expectoration methods applied in nursing of patients with artificial airway

目的观察2种不同机械辅助排痰法在神经外科人工气道患者中的排痰效果。方法选取80例气管切开或气管插管的患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组给予体外振动排痰仪排痰,实验组给予全胸腔高频胸壁脉冲排痰。比较2组的排痰量、排痰效果、护士工作量。结果治疗第1-4天,实验组每日排痰量显著多于对照组（P〈0.01）,第6-7天的排痰量显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）;每次治疗30 min后,实验组的治疗总有效率高于对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗第8天实验组的动脉血氧分压显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论全胸腔高频胸壁脉冲排痰优于体外振动排痰,能更有效清除人工气道患者肺深部的痰液,改善患者的症状和体征,且较于传统手持式排痰更省力,有效减轻护理强度。

Objective To observe the effect of two mechanical sputum expectoration methods applied in nursing of patients with artificial airway. Methods A total of 80 patients with tracheotomy or tracheal intubation were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The control group was given vibration sputum expectoration in vitro,while the experimental group was given high-frequency pulse sputum expectoration in chest wall. The amount of expectoration,expectoration effect and nursing workload of the two groups were compared. Results Daily discharge sputum volume of the experimental group on the 1stto 4thday was significantly more than that of the control group（ P 〈 0. 01）,while was lower on the 6thto 7thday than that of control group（ P 〈 0. 01）; After30 min of treatment,the total effective rate of treatment group was higher than that of control group（ P 〈 0. 01）; On the 8thday,the arterial blood oxygen partial pressure of the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group（ P 〈 0. 01）. Conclusion High-frequency pulse sputum expectoration is better than vibration sputum expectoration in vitro,which can remove deep sputum in lung,improve the signs and symptoms of patients. And it is labor-saved to reduce nursing workload.