生态输水对塔里木河下游地下水时空分布特征的影响

AFFECT ON CHARACTERISTIC OF GROUNDWATER SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AFTER ECOLOGICAL WATER TRANSPORT IN THE LOWER REACHES OF TARIM RIVER

为了研究塔里木河下游实施生态输水工程以来,地下水位的动态变化及空间分布状况,以大西海子水库为起点,沿塔里木河下游输水河道布设英苏、喀尔达依、阿拉干、依干不及麻、库尔干5个生态监测断面共29个遥测站(井),定期采集数据。结果表明:从2001~2011年,塔河下游年平均地下水位趋势系数为0.039,呈现明显上升趋势;2011年,库尔干断面以下地段地下水位在-2^-6m,基本能够满足主要建群植被胡杨和柽柳恢复的要求;历次输水量与各遥测井输水后出现的最高地下水位平均值呈现较为显著的正相关(R2=0.748)。本研究结果可为塔里木河下游实施生态输水工程过程中调整合理输水量、适宜的输水时段,以及采取生态治理植被保护和恢复措施,提供可供参考的理论依据。

The twenty -nine groundwater monitor stations （wells） were laid on five sections to collect regular data along the lower reaches of Tarim River, in order to study the groundwater level dynamic change and spatial distribution after ecological water transport project. The result showed that firstly, the average underground water level elevated obviously and the trend coefficient was 0. 039 during 2003 to 2011 ; secondly, the groundwater reached -2m to -6m depth that fits natural recovery of Euphrates poplar and Tamarix chinensis in the lower river way of Kuergan section in 2011 ; thirdly, there is significant positive correlation （ R2 = 0.748 ） between ecological water quantity and the average of the highest groundwater level because of transporting water. In addition, based on these analyses, it can obtain academic support which is to adjust quantity and period of ecological water as well as take the measure of vegetation protection and natural recovery.