一种为智能电网调频服务的制冷机用电响应控制策略

A Chiller Demand Limiting Strategy for Frequency Controlled Reserve in Smart Grid

随着新能源发电的增长,电力供需失衡已成为阻碍智能电网发展的重要因素。为了保障电网安全运行,维持电力供需平衡,供电侧经常需要预留成本高昂的电力系统备用发电容量。电力需求侧(如工业和住宅区)提供响应一次变频控制的可行性已被验证。但在商业建筑大型机电系统(如中央空调系统)中电力需求控制的潜力及策略很少被提及和研究。基于此,分析了商业建筑中冷量需求管理的潜力,同时计算了冷机对应可减少的电力需求量。在保障室内热舒适性的前提下,提出了一种基于建筑热物理模型的冷机用电响应控制策略。相较于传统的室内温度设定值重设策略,新策略不仅可以准确预测出可降的电力需求量,而且其快速响应特征可以满足电网对电力调频的要求。对新策略进行了模拟测试,计算了可供一次调频使用的电量,以及新策略应用对室内热舒适性的影响。

With the increasing integration of renewable energies, power imbalance has become a critical issue in developing smart grids. In order to maintain the balance between power supply and demand, extra generation capacities of power plants are usually reserved by the grid at the supply side. The possibility of providing frequency controlled reserve at power demand side （i.e.,industrial and residential sectors） has been approved in previous studies. However, the alteration potential and the control strategy of large-scale power demand system （e.g., air-conditioning system） in commercial buildings has seldom been studied. This paper therefore investigates the cooling demand alternation potential of commercial buildings and estimates the power demand reduction potential of the chiller（s） aiming to provide effective power information for grid operation. On the premise of indoor thermal comfort, a chiller demand limiting strategy is developed based on building thermal models. Compared with conventional indoor temperature set-point reset strategy, the developed strategy can provide an accurate estimation of power demand reduction in advance,and enable a fast response fulfilling the operation requirements of the grid. Simulation tests have been conducted to estimate the quantity of electricity for primary frequency control and investigate the impact on the thermal comfort when adopting the developed strategy.