沙棘果油的检测分析

Detection and Analysis of Sea Buckthorn Fruit Oil

目的：对不同产地的6种沙棘果油进行检测分析。方法：分别采用折光仪法、比重瓶法、干燥法、热乙醇法、杂质测定法、高压灭菌法、紫外灭菌法、微生物培养法、气相色谱法检测不同产地沙棘果油的折光指数、相对密度、水分及挥发物、酸值、杂质、菌落总数、霉菌和酵母菌、大肠菌群和脂肪酸组成。结果：6种沙棘果油的折光指数（20℃）在1.468-1.478、相对密度（20℃）在0.912-0.928、水分及挥发物在0.099%-0.257%、酸值在1.240-5.720、杂质在0.042%-0.853%、菌落总数为0-32 cfu·m L^-1、霉菌与酵母菌为0-2.5 cfu·m L^-1、大肠菌群全部为0 MPN·m L^-1,脂肪酸主要由棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸6种组成,其中除山西右玉沙棘果油外不饱和脂肪酸含量在45.89%-68.67%。结论：不同产地沙棘果油理化指标、微生物指标和脂肪酸组分存在一定差异,6种沙棘果油中除山西忻州和右玉的杂质不达标外,其他样品5项理化指标和4项微生物指标均符合国家相关标准,本研究可为沙棘油原料的质量控制和市场监管提供科学参考。

Objective： To analyze six kinds of sea buckthorn fruit oil from different areas. Methods： The refractive index,relative density,moisture and volatile matter,acid value,impurities,total number of colonies,mold and yeast,Escherichia coli and fatty acids composition of different origin sea buckthorn fruit oil were determined by refractometer method,pycnometer method,drying method,hot ethanol method,method of determination of impuritie,autoclave method,ultraviolet sterilization method,microbe culture method and the gas chromatography method, respectively. Results： Refractive index（ 20 ℃） of six kinds of buckthorn fruit oil was in the range of 1. 468 to 1. 478,relative density（ 20 ℃） 0. 912 to 0. 928 moisture and volatile matter 0. 099% to 0. 257%, acid value（ mg KOH·g^-1） 1. 240 to 5. 720,impurities 0. 042% to0. 853%,total number of colonies（ cfu·m L^-1） 0 to 32,mold and yeast（ cfu·m L^-1） 0 to 2. 5,and the total amount of fecal coliform（ MPN·m L^-1） is 0. The fatty acids were mainly composed of six components of palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The contents of unsaturated fatty acids in six kinds of buckthorn fruit oil,except for YS,were between 45. 89% and 68. 67%. Conclusion： There were some differences in physicochemical indicators,microbiology indicators,fatty acids composition of six kinds of buckthorn fruit oil from different producing areas. Among them,except for the impurity of XS 1 and YS, the five physicochemical indicators and the four microbiology indicators are in accordance with the relevant national standards. This research can provide a scientific basis for quality control and market supervision of sea buckthorn oil material.