明代秦王府“典膳所”青花瓷产地与工艺

The blue-and-white porcelains with "Dianshansuo" mark of the Prince Qin

秦王作为明朝镇守边塞的藩王之一,拥有很高的地位。秦王府日常用瓷代表了明代宗室亲王一级的用瓷标准和等级。为了解秦王府日常用瓷的来源和制作水平,对西北大学文化遗产学院收藏的明代秦王府"典膳所"青花瓷进行了科技分析:采用微区X射线荧光分析技术对50片青花瓷残片的胎、釉、蓝彩部位分别进行了成分测试,根据对成分数据的统计分析和比较研究,并结合外形貌观察、显微结构分析,对这批样品的产地和制作水平进行了分析和评判,发现这批样品全部为景德镇的民窑所生产,其胎质洁白细腻、釉层均匀莹润,唯青花发色较为多变、不够稳定,所使用的青料并非回青而是国产料。其整体制作水平与御窑产品虽有差别,但已经非常接近。该研究从一定程度了解了明代王府用瓷制度和明代晚期民窑的生产水平、产品体系,并为进一步研究明代青花瓷生产体系奠定了基础。

Prince Qin had high status among the imperial relative since he was one of the seigniors who settled nearby the northern border in the Ming Dynasty. The daily-used porcelain of the Prince Qin represented the standard of the noble class in the Ming Dynasty. To understand the provenance and the manufacturing level of the porcelains used by Prince Qin, the blue-and-white porcelain samples with ＂Dianshansuo＂ mark were stud- ied. The Ix-XRF（ Micro-spot X-ray fluorescence spectrometry） was used to analyze the chemical compositions of the body, glaze and pigments of the fifty samples. Furthermore, the other analysis including appearance observation and microstructure analysis were done. The results indicated that the samples were produced by the folk kilns of Jingdezhen. The body and glaze showed quite high quality but the blue color were not stable among the samples. It suggested that the manufacturing level was close to the imperial kiln. The study improved the understanding of the daily wares within the system of the noble class, the manufacturing level and the pro- duction system of the folk kiln of Jingdezhen. Meanwhile, the study contributed to understand the whole blue- and-white porcelain manufacturing system of the Ming Dynasty.