基于GIS的露天开采矿区地形特征及植被恢复研究

Topography Characteristics and Vegetation Restoration of Open Pit Mining Area Based on GIS

以露采矿山为研究对象,以破损地形特点及植被恢复为研究目标,利用Arc GIS技术分析研究区地形复杂程度及汇水情况,探讨了露天开采矿区植被修复和绿化的技术方法。结果表明:以数字高程模型为基础,对矿区的高程、坡度和坡向的空间分布情况进行统计分析,同时得到区域汇水分布图,可作为区域规划依据。选取地形起伏度、地表粗糙度和高程变异系数作为地形复杂度指标,根据地形复杂度对矿区进行分区治理,在矿区地形特征基础上因地制宜地选择植被恢复技术,并根据植物配置营造符合不同季节的植物景观效果,使矿山迹地重建地貌相对稳定并与周围景观相和谐,为废弃矿区生态修复提供了借鉴和思路。

The paper explored the technical methods of vegetation rehabilitation and greening of open pit mining area by taking a open pit mine as a study object,taking damaged terrain feature and vegetation rehabilitation as a research objective and analyzing the complexity of landform and confluent conditions of the studied area by using ArcG IS technology. The outcomes show that it makes statistical analysis on the spatial distribution of elevation,slope and aspect of mining area based on digital elevation model and obtains a confluent distribution map of the region which can be used for regional planning. It selects the coefficients of relief amplitude,surface roughness and elevation variation as the complexity indexes of landform. It controls the mining region by region according to the complexity of landform,selects vegetation restoration measures according to local conditions and based on the characteristics of mining area topography and creates plant landscape effect fitting with different seasons according to plant disposition for relatively stable of rebuilt landform of used mining area and harmonious with surrounding landscape and providing references and ideas for ecological rehabilitation of abandoned mining areas.