契丹礼仪中的祭天现象

Sacrifice to Heaven in Khitan Etiquette

契丹民族在其历史发展过程中,为凝聚民族之向心力,在原有自然崇拜、祖先崇拜、图腾崇拜等萨满文化的基础上,创制了以祭山仪等具有草原民族特色的礼仪制度。而由原始萨满文化发展来的祭天祀祖现象在这些礼仪仪式中极其突出,成为契丹重要礼仪制度中的核心部分。祭天仪式的不断丰富完善,成为最高统治者突出皇权天授的政治手段,尤其在加强政权稳定性等方面起到了非常重要的作用。

To condensing the nation＇s centripetal force, in the process of historical development, Khi- dan nationality created the etiquette system with the characteristics of grassland ethnic groups, based on previous shamanistic cuhure of nature worship, ancestor worship, totem worship and etc. However, sac- rifice to heaven, which was developed by previous shamanistic culture, was extremely prominent among the ceremonial rites and the core part of important etiquette systems of Khitan nationality. The ceremony had been constantly enriched and improved, which became the political means of making the regime prominent by sovereigns, especially played an important role in strengthening the stability of the regime.