随水施肥次数对水稻生长及经济效益的影响

Effects of Irrigation Fertilizing Frequency on the Growth of Rice

[目的]探究水稻随水施肥技术的最佳施肥次数。[方法]以玉香油占为水稻供试品种,共设6个处理,分别为不施肥（CK）、肥料深施、肥料撒施、肥料随水追施2次、肥料随水追施3次、肥料随水追施4次,研究各处理对水稻产量及经济效益的影响。[结果]在水稻生产中采用随水施肥技术,随着施肥次数的增多,各产量指标中除实粒数和空秕率外,其余均呈现先增加后减少的趋势,追肥3次处理的产量最高,比其他施肥方式增产7.83%-25.56%,追肥2次和4次处理的产量差异不大,随着施肥次数的增加,结实率提高。随水冲施处理的投入成本大于深施与撒施处理,净收益以肥料随水追施3次处理最高,达15 515.73元/hm^2。[结论]综合考虑,肥料随水追施3次能最大程度凸显水稻随水施肥技术的增产效益和经济效益。

[Objective] The study aimed to explore the best fertilization times of rice with water. [Method]Take Yuxiangyouzhan as the test rice varietie,a total of 6 treatments were no fertilization（ CK）,deep fertilization,fertilizer applicator,fertilizer topdressing with water 2times,3 times with water and fertilizer topdressing fertilizer,topdressing with water 4 times,the effect of different treatments on the yield and economic benefit of rice were studied. [Result]The yield indexes except filled grains and sterile grain rate first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation fertilizing frequency. The highest yield occurred in topdressing of 3 times,increased rice yield 6. 35%-25. 56%than other treatments. There was no significant difference between topdressing of twice and 4 times. The seed setting rate was increased with increasing the times of irrigation fertilizing. With the water spraying treatment cost is greater than the deep application and distribution,net income by 3 times with water fertilizer topdressing treatment was the highest,up to 15 515. 73 yuan / hm^2. [Conclusion]The labor cost and working strength were also increased with increasing the times of irrigation fertilizing. Comprehensive consideration suggests that topdressing of3 times could gain the highest yield and best economic benefit with rice irrigation fertilizing technology.