芦山地震灾区中学生社会支持与心理健康的关系研究

Relationship between Social Support and Mental Health in Middle-school Students in Lushan Earthquake Area

目的调查芦山地震灾区中学生的心理健康、社会支持状况及二者之间的关系。方法采用随机抽样法,选取芦山灾区中学生共526名作为研究对象,采用作者自编的基本情况问卷,症状自评量表(SCL-90),社会支持量表(SSRS)进行测评。结果灾区中学生心理健康在强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖男生低于女生,高中生在焦虑和恐怖低于初中生,来自城市学生在人际关系敏感、抑郁和焦虑低于农村学生(P值均<0.05);高社会支持组学生在强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、偏执低于低社会支持组(P值均<0.05);农村家庭财产轻微受损的女初中生社会支持得分低于城市家庭财产严重受损的男高中生(P<0.05);心理健康各因子与社会支持各因子及总分均呈负相关(r=-0.109^-0.383,P<0.01或0.05);逐步回归分析发现,主观支持、客观支持和支持利用度因子能反向预测灾区中学生心理健康,其联合预测心理健康24.6%的变异量。结论芦山地震灾区中学生心理健康状况整体较差,社会支持水平越高,心理越健康,社会支持有助于促进心理健康。

Objective To assess the mental health status,social support,as well as the relationship between them among middle-school students in the Lushan earthquake area. Methods A random sampling method was adopted to select all 526 middle-school students as the research subjects in the disaster area.Students were investigated with the authors-designed basic information questionnaire,symptom checklist- 90（ SCL- 90） and social support rating scale（ SSRS）. Results The mental health of male in the disaster areas in compulsive symptoms,depression,anxiety and terror is lower than female. The mental health of junior middle-school students in anxiety and terror is lower than senior middle-school students. The students from urban in interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety is lower than rural（ P 〈 0. 05）. The high social support group in compulsive symptoms,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,terror and paranoia is lower than social support group（ P 〈 0. 05）. Social support of female junior high school students with minor impairment of rural family property score lower than that of urban male high school students with family property seriously damaged（ P 〈 0. 05）. Mental health scores,social support factors and scores in the disaster are negative correlation（ r =- 0. 109 ^- 0. 383,P 〈 0. 01 or 0. 05）. Multiple regression analysis results show that the factor of subjective support,objective support and availability for social support were reverse prediction of mental health from junior middle-school students,and explained 24. 6 % of variance. Conclusions The mental health status of junior middle school students in Lushan earthquake disaster area is poor. The higher social support they have,the better mental health they will be. Social support contributes to mental health.