细长轴超声椭圆振动辅助车削试验

Experiment of Ultrasonic Elliptical Vibration Assisted Turning Slender Shaft

设计了铝合金细长轴超声椭圆振动辅助车削试验,测量了不同超声波电压下的刀具振幅。分析了铝合金细长轴超声振动辅助车削切削力变化规律,开展了普通车削与超声椭圆振动辅助车削单因素对比试验,对比了两种不同加工方法对切削力及细长轴不同区域表面粗糙度。试验结果表明:在相同切削参数条件下,超声椭圆振动辅助车削三个方向的切削力均小于普通车削切削力,并且随着振幅的增加切削力进一步降低。两种加工方式下细长轴的中间区域表面粗糙度均比两端差,但超声椭圆振动车削沿细长轴长度方向的表面粗糙度的均匀一致性优于普通车削。超声椭圆振动车削加工后的表面纹路较普通车削均匀缜密,且断屑效果优于普通车削,普通车削形成的切屑为连续切屑,切屑缠绕严重,而超声椭圆振动辅助车削的切屑形状为断续切屑,随着振幅的增大断屑效果提高。

A test of turning slender shaft（ 6061 aluminum alloy） with ultrasonic elliptical vibration assisted turning（ UEVT） were carried out. Machining of slender shaft processed by ultrasonic elliptical vibration assisted turning is experimentally compared with conventional turning（ CT） through single-factor tests. By comparing the two processing methods,the influence of different amplitude on the cutting force and surface roughness in different regions of the slender shaft. Experimental results shows,Under the same cutting parameters. The cutting force on the three directions in UEVT decrease compared with those in CT and its reduce with the increase of amplitude. The middle area of slender shaft surface roughness were worse than at both ends in two kinds of processing method. The surface roughness of the slender shaft keep good concordance in UEVT than those in CT along the length direction. The surface texture of the workpiece in UEVT homogeneousness compared with those in CT. The effect of chip breaker is better than the ordinary cutting. The chip formation process in CT continuous and winding serious. Cracking cutlet is formed in UEVT. The chip breaker improve with the increase of amplitude.