施氮量对覆膜栽培水稻经济性状、产量与氮肥利用的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Level on Economic Characters, Yield and Nitrogen Use of Rice Cultivated with Film Mulching

为探索水稻(Oryza sativa L.)节水灌溉覆膜栽培氮的合理施用量,提高水稻产量,在淹育型水稻土上开展水稻地膜覆盖栽培条件下不同施氮量试验。结果表明,不同施氮量对水稻生育期、经济性状与产量、氮肥利用效率影响明显,随着施氮量的增加,水稻成穗率、结实率和千粒重呈下降趋势,草谷比增大,收获系数降低;施氮超过120 kg/hm^2后,导致生育期延长,贪青晚熟,田间倒伏;产量和氮肥利用效率下降。施氮120 kg/hm^2时水稻综合经济性状好,产量最高,单产为9 532.9 kg/hm^2,氮肥利用率和农学效率最高,分别达到48.89%和16.50 kg/kg。

To explore the reasonable content of nitrogen application and increase the yield of rice cultivated under water-saving irrigation and plastic film mulching, the experiment was carried out under the condition of different nitrogen application when the rice soil was in water-flooded type. The results showed that different nitrogen application rate had significant effect on rice growth stages, grain yield, economic characters and the efficiency of nitrogen use. With the increase of nitrogen application, the rate of effective ear, filled grain and 1000-grain weight decreased, while ratio of grass to valley increased, coefficient of gain declined. It leaded to lengthened growth period, maturing late and lodging in the field of rice when nitrogen application was more than 120 kg / hm2, at the same time, yield and efficiency of nitrogen use declined. There were good comprehensive economic characters, the highest yield（9 532.9 kg / hm2）, the highest utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer（48.89%） and agronomy efficiency（16.50 kg / kg） when nitrogen application was 120 kg / hm2.