蜜蜂授粉枣树杂交试验

Study on Bees Pollinated Cross Breeding in Chinese Jujube

通过将枣树(Zizyphus jujube Mill)杂交父母本罩尼龙网中、网内放入蜜蜂授粉的方法,进行了2个枣树杂交组合试验,授粉组合分别是枣树雄性不育品种早脆王(Z.jujube cv.Zaocuiwang)×灵武长枣(Z.jujube cv.Lingwuchangzao)和早脆王×伏脆蜜(Z.jujube cv.Fucuimi),结果获得了杂交果实844个,饱满的种仁295个。其中灵武长枣自花可实不育,伏脆蜜自花可育,但自花结实和育性下降,含仁率不足5%。说明利用蜜蜂限制性授粉杂交是枣树杂交育种切实可行的办法。

Two Chinese jujube（Zizyphus jujube Mill） hybridization combination, Z. jujube cv. Zaocuiwang × Z. jujube cv.Lingwuchangzao and Z. jujube cv. Zaocuiwang × Z. jujube cv. Fucuimi, was conducted with the method of covering the jujube parents with nylon net and put into pollinated bees. 844 hybrid fruits and 295 full seeds was obtained. Research showed that Z. jujube cv. Lingwuchangzao was self-sterile（but self-fruitful）; while Z. jujube cv. Fucuimi was self-fertile with self pollination and fertility declined and kernel rate less than 5%. The results showed that restrictive bees pollination was feasible for jujube hybridization breeding.