以问题为基础健康教育对妊娠期糖尿病患者疾病知识及自我效能的影响

Effect of prenatal PBL health education on disease knowledge and self-efficacy of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的：探讨产前以问题为基础（PBL）式健康教育对妊娠糖尿病（GDM）患者疾病知识及自我效能的影响。方法：选取2015年6月~2016年6月本院妇产科收治的经糖耐量测试确诊为GDM的患者128例,将患者随机等分为观察组及对照组,对照组产前采用常规性健康教育;观察组产前应用PBL式健康教育,比较两组患者干预前后疾病知识及自我效能的变化。结果：干预后观察组在饮食、运动、血糖监测、药物应用、并发症预防及分娩等方面知识评分高于对照组（P〈0.05）,自我效能评分也高于对照组（P〈0.05）,血糖控制良好率、遵医行为率高于对照组（P〈0.05）,剖宫产率、巨大儿出生率、早产儿出生率均低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：产前PBL健康教育能有效提高GDM患者疾病知识及自我效能,提高GDM产妇遵医行为,有利于降低母婴并发症的发生。

Objective：To explore the effect of health education of prenatal problem - based learning（PBL）on knowledge and self - efficacy of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）. Methods：Selected 128 patients with diagnosed GDM by oral glucose tolerance test in the department of gynaecology and obstetrics from June 2015 to June 2016 and randomly divided them into observation group and control group. The control group was treated with conven-tional health education,while the observation group was treated with health education of prenatal PBL. Disease knowledge and self - efficacy changes of the patients in the two groups before and after the intervention were compared. Results：The scores of knowledge in diet,exercise,blood glucose monitoring, drug application,complications prevention and delivery in the observation group were higher than those in the control group（P 〈 0. 05）. The score of self- efficacy in the observation group was also higher than that in the control group（P 〈 0. 05）. The rate of good glycemic control and the compliance rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P 〈 0. 05）. The rate of cesarean section,the birth rate of macrosomia and premature infants in the observation group were all lower than those of the control group（P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion：The health education of prenatal PBL can effectively improve the knowledge and self - efficacy of GDM patients,improve the compliance behavior of GDM mothers and reduce the incidence of mater-nal and neonatal complications of both mother and infant.