劳动力市场扭曲与城乡消费差距:基于省际面板数据的实证研究

Labor Market Distortion and Urban-Rural Consumption Gap:An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Panel Data

劳动力市场扭曲和城乡消费差距突出是中国经济转型时期的特征事实,本文研究了劳动力市场扭曲对城乡消费差距的影响机制,在逻辑上指出:劳动力市场扭曲会通过城乡收入差距、城乡社会保障差距这两种机制而影响城乡消费差距,但城乡社会保障机制因社会保障配置的"身份"属性而不显著,引入空间相关性之后上述作用机制依然成立。采用1992—2013年中国31个省区面板数据的研究证实了理论推演的结论。在不考虑空间相关性的条件下,劳动力市场扭曲程度每下降1个单位,会导致中国城乡消费差距和城乡收入差距分别下降0.136个单位和0.094个单位。引入空间相关性后,劳动力市场扭曲每下降1个单位,会导致中国城乡消费差距和城乡收入差距分别下降0.078和0.071个单位。本文分析的政策含义是应通过提高劳动力市场一体化程度,重视社会保障的城乡均等化配置以及缩减城乡收入差距来推动城乡消费差距的逐步收敛。

In China, labor market distortion and urban-rural consumption gap are two stylized facts during the transition background. The paper proposes labor market distortion can affect urban-rural consumption gap through urban-rural income channel and urban-rural social security channel, but the social security effect is not significant because of the ＂identity＂ characteristic of social security distribution. The mechanism also exists when introducing spatial correlation. Based on the panel data of China＇s 31 provinces in 1992-2013, the empirical study has confirmed the above assumptions. The degree of distortion in the labor market fell 1 unit, will lead to urban-rural consumption gap and urban- rural income gap decreased 0.136 units and 0.094 units respectively. While considering spatial correlation, it＇s 0.078 units and 0.07I units respectively. Based on these conclusions, the paper put forward corresponding policy implications.