守旧的趋新者:梁漱溟与民初新旧东西的缠结

A Conservative New-Trend Seeker: Liang Shuming and the Complex of Old-and-New in Early Republican Period

在五四后梁漱溟引起的争论中,很多参与讨论的人,并不在新文化人和所谓"东方文化派"两方之中,而其观念和态度,也很难拿新旧、东西(中西)这样二元对立的范畴来概括。可知在民初的中国,东西文化在多层面、多方位互动和竞争,并与思想界的新旧缠结在一起,相当错综复杂。时人的相关见解也格外异彩纷呈,语境稍变,立言辄异;有时语境未变而预设的读者听众不同,所云亦大不同。本意接近的主张和观念,却未必走到一起,甚或演为对立。思想界在名词口号上已经全国协调,却又连"托名"全国一致都不能达到。然而趋新和守旧,又可并存于一人之身。

In the debate aroused by Liang Shuming after May 4th Movement, many people who took part in the discussion belonged neither to new culture nor to so-called ＂Eastern culture＂ section, and their idea and attitude could not be attributed to the dual catalogue as new-old or east-west （China-West）. It tells that, in the early years of the Republic, the Eastern and the Western cultures were interactive and contending on multi-levels and multi-dimension, and be rather complicated by getting entangled with new and old ideas. The viewpoints of the contemporaries were various. When the context cb.anged a little, the discourse differed completely. Sometimes the context was not changed, but the discourse was quite different, because the expected audience was different. The prepared holdings and ideas went to the opposite. The thinkers＇ community was nationally coordinated in terms and slogans, but could not be unified in the whole nation. However, seeking the new and keeping the old could be existed in one person.