ZigBee路由算法的改进及在智能家居中的应用

Improvement of ZigBee Routing Algorithm and Its Application in Smart Home

基于ZigBee技术提出一种智能家居环境监控系统,即以ARM-Linux为现场控制中心,通过ZigBee网络技术,将智能家居系统中的各设备组成一个树型拓扑结构。通过终端节点上的传感器以及CMOS摄像头,对家居中的状况进行实时监控。在本系统中,除了需要获取家居中的的环境参数外,还需要通过实时监控观察家庭中是否有陌生人闯入。传统的ZigBee单路径路由在进行数据传输时,控制包的开销和网络延时都比较大。当负载较大时,将出现网络堵塞等问题,尤其是在传输视频信息时,较大的网络传输延时将不能保证视频的服务质量。本文在原有的ZigBee树路由算法基础上提出一种多路径路由算法:通过多条路径同时在源节点与协调节点之间并发地传输数据,有效地增加数据传输速率和系统吞吐量,减少传输延时和数据丢包。此外还通过预先设定的节点能量阈值均衡能量消耗,确保不会因某个节点过早的死亡而导致整个网络传输的失败。实验结果表明,本算法有效解决了家居监控系统中数据丢包、能量快速消耗等问题,保证了视频的传输质量,延长了网络的生存时间。

A smart home environment monitoring system is proposed in this paper based on the ZigBee technology, namely the ARM-Linux is used as on-site control center, through the ZigBee network technology, the equipments of the intelligent home system consist of a tree topology. The real-time monitoring of the situation in the home is carried out through the sensor and CMOS camera on the terminal node. In addition to obtaining the environment parameters in the home, this system also needs to observe whether there is a stranger into the family or not through real-time monitoring. In the data transmission of traditional ZigBee single path routing, control packet overhead and network delay are relatively large. When the load is large, there will be problems such as network congestion, especially in the transmission of video information, the larger network transmission delay will not guarantee the quality of video service. Based on original ZigBee tree routing algorithm, we proposed a muhipath routing algorithm： transmitting data between source node and coordinator node at the same time through multiple paths, effectively increases the data transmission rate and the system throughput, and reduces transmission delay and data packet loss. In addition, the energy consumption of the nodes is balanced by pre-setting the node energy threshold, so that the failure of the whole network does not happen because of premature death. Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively solve the problem of data loss and energy consumption in the home monitoring system, which can guarantee the transmission quality of the video, and prolong the network lifetime.