青霉属真菌研究新进展

New Advances in Research of the Genus Penicillium

青霉属真菌是自然界中生物有机成分的重要分解者,广泛分布在地球的各个角落。青霉属真菌能产生许多具抗菌、抗肿瘤和抗病毒功能的活性次生代谢产物,分泌多种高活性的多糖、蛋白质、脂肪和木质素等多聚物的水解酶类,降解多种单环和多环芳香类环境污染物。近年来,随着对青霉属真菌全基因组序列分析工作的开展以及对各种极端环境中生长的青霉属真菌资源的挖掘,该属真菌在分类学、活性代谢产物和功能酶类研究以及环境污染物的生物降解等领域取得了一系列新的进展,特别是通过向培养基中添加特定成分,或者令青霉菌与其它微生物共培养,获取新型活性代谢产物,以及通过宏基因组学和基因组学方法,探索和获取新的酶及其编码基因,新的代谢途径和代谢产物。该文在总结近年来有关工作的基础上,对青霉属真菌资源开发进行了综述和总结。

Penicillium fungi were important decomposers of many biological organic components and they were widely distributed in almost every habitats all around the globe.Penicillium fungi can produce a lot of active secondary metabolites with anti-bacterial,anti-viral and anti-tumor function,secreting a variety of highly active hydrolytic enzymes for biodegradation of polymers such as polysaccharides,proteins,fats and lignin,and decomposing a variety of monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic environmental contaminants.In recent years,with the conducting of the Penicillium genomic sequence analysis and the mining of a variety of Penicillium resources from the extreme environments,in the fungi of the Penicillium genus a series of new progresses have been achieved in research of taxonomy,active metabolites and enzymes function as well as research of biodegradation of environmental pollutants and other fields.Especially by adding specific components to the medium,or co-culture of Penicillium fungi and other microbes,as well as through metagenomic and genomic methodology,a new type of active secondary metabolites,new enzymes and the encoding genes,new metabolic pathways and metabolites are explored and acquired.Recent work of resource development of Penicillium fugi has been reviewed and summarized in this article.