风险社会与中国社会转型:变量与结构的一种叙事

Risk Society and Social Transformation of China:A Narrative of Variables and Structure

社会转型通常表现为剧烈的社会变迁,中国社会转型蕴涵的风险与风险社会的风险进行了迭加与套嵌。而这种混合风险,主要来自于制度残缺或制度能力不足而导致的制度化风险。在当前,社会失范和社会冲突构成制度化风险的集中显影,也是社会转型所支付的社会成本。然而社会转型成本不能吞噬社会转型取得的成果,这是转型中国必须建立的底线共识。因而,控制风险并形成一个有效的治理结构成为转型中国建构一个有序社会的必然选择。转型社会风险的变量主要集中在信息传播、贫富差距、阶层流动、国家权威、规范体系、价值理念与信任结构等方面,内在映照着制度的渗入辅助、制度的场内适应和制度的价值支持三个层面。一个有效的治理结构主要由三个要素构成:制度能力、社会功能和积极个人。

Social transformation is usually accompanied by drastic social changes. Risks of social transformation of China and those of risk society fold up and insert mutually. This mixture of risks is mainly caused by the institutionalized risks which result from institutional defects and institutional incapability. At present, anomie and social conflicts incarnate institutional risks, and are also the social costs of social transformation. However, the achievements of social transformation shouldn＇t be devoured by the costs of social transformation. This is the bottom-line consensus that should be built in China in the period of transformation. Therefore, to control risks and build an effective governance structure becomes a necessary choice for China to construct an ordered society during the period of transformation. Variables of transforming society risks mainly exist in information communication, the gap between the rich and the poor, social class mobility, state authority, value concept,standard system and trust structure. All these belong to the three key levels （i. e. , institutional capability, social function and active individuals） that constitute an effective governance structure.