重译本多维度关系研究——以《老人与海》的译介为例

A Study on Multi-dimensional Relationships among Retranslations: A Case Study of The Old Man and the Sea

在经典名著的译介与重译研究中,最有效的方法莫过于以时间为轴,获得对作品各个阶段的重译历史与整体译介发展趋势的直观认识。但平面、单一的时间维度又不足以涵盖和描画各个译本之间异常复杂的交错关系,因此我们通过将《老人与海》的重译本置于多重维度构建的脉络中加以考察的方法,沿着由整体勾勒到局部聚焦的思路,由对"重译"与"重印"关系的勾勒,进入重译本之间关系的探查,发掘出"增补性"、"笼罩关系"、"冷翻译"与"热翻译"、"主动重译"与"被动重译"的多重维度关系。其中,"增补性"以更加包容的视角,重申了重译本存在的价值;"笼罩关系"揭示了后继译本试图挣脱前译束缚的行进历程。对译本多重纬度关系的挖掘,弥补了时间轴对重译历史刻画的不足,向形成更加客观、全面的重译评价标准迈进了一步。

It cannot be denied that the most effective way to conduct a study on the introduction and retranslation of a classic work is to approach it from the dimension of time and gain a direct understanding of the general trend and different stages of its retranslation history. But the single and linear dimension of time itself is far from enough for the description of the complicated and intertwining relationships among different retranslations. Therefore,by putting retranslations of The Old Man and the Sea in a web of multi-dimensional relationships,we start our study from the sketch of the overall relationship between retranslation and reedition to an in-depth probe into internal relationships such as 'haunting','supplementarity','cold translation'and 'hot translation','active retranslation'and 'passive retranslation'. It is worth mentioning that the dimension of 'supplementarity 'helps us recognize the values of retranslations by viewing them in a more tolerant way,while the dimension of 'haunting 'unveils the struggle of later translations to break away from the influence of previous ones. This study makes up for the inadequate description of retranslation history merely from the dimension of time and moves a step forward towards setting a more objective and comprehensive criterion for retranslation evaluation.