辽宁省本溪市青少年饮食习惯现况及与肥胖相关性研究

The current survey on dietary habits and the relevant research with obesity among the students in Benxi City,Liaoning Province

目的 了解本溪市青少年的饮食习惯现状,并探讨饮食习惯与肥胖发生之间相关性,为制定相应的措施提供依据。方法 在本溪市采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取3所高中和3所初中共3329人,集体进行问卷调查。结果 经常吃新鲜水果,蔬菜、早餐、吃甜点和讨厌吃某类食物的报告率女生（87.6%、93.5%、86.0%、60.9%、45.5%）高于男生（54.1%、90.9%、83.2%、51.4%、39.5%）,而经常喝饮料的报告率男生（20.4%）高于女生（14.2%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;经常吃新鲜水果、早餐和喝牛奶的报告率汉族学生（87.4%、86.1%、72.4%）高于满族学生（81.9%、83.2%、64.5%）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;经常吃新鲜水果、早餐和讨厌吃某类食物的报告率城市学生（87.2%、86.3%、45.2%）高于农村学生（82.3%、82.9%、40.2%）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。多因素分析结果显示男生（OR=1.43,95%CI：1.08~1.89）、经常吃路边摊（OR=1.35,95%CI：1.09~1.72）、有不良饮食习惯（OR=1.42,95%CI：1.10~1.88）是超重肥胖的危险因素。结论 各种不良饮食习惯可导致青少年超重和肥胖,应加强营养宣教,促进儿童青少年改变不良的饮食习惯和生活方式,将健康相关行为保持终身,预防超重肥胖的发生。

Objective To understand the dietary habits of adolescents in Benxi City and to discuss the correlation between dietary habits and obesity occurs, which provided measures for the prevention. Methods 3329 students in three sen- ior high school and three junior high school were extracted and conducted collective question investigation. Results Often eat- ing fresh fruits, vegetables, breakfast, dessert and hate eating certain foods for girls （87. 6%, 93. 5%, 86. 0%, 60. 9%, 45.5% ） were higher than boys （54. 1%, 90. 9%, 83.2%, 51.4%, 39. 5% ）, but the report rate of often have a drink for boys （20. 4% ） was higher than girls （14. 2% ）, which differences were statistical significance （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Often eating fresh fruits, breakfast, and drinking milk for the Han students （87.4%, 86. 1%, 72.4% ） were higher than the man students （ 81.9% , 83.2% , 64. 5% ）, which differences were statistical significance （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The report rate of often eating fresh fruit, breakfast and hating to eat certain foods for the urban students （87. 2%, 86. 3% , 45.2% ） were higher than rural students （82. 3%, 82. 9% , 40. 2% ）, which differences were statistical significance （P 〈0. 05）. The results of multiple-factor analysis displayed： the boys （OR = 1.43, 95% CI： 1.08 -1.89）, often eating roadside market （OR = 1.35, 95%CI： 1.09 - 1.72）, having bad eating habits （OR = 1.42, 95% CI： 1.10 - 1.88） were the hazards of over- weight and obesity. Conclusion Many kinds of bad eating habits resulted in adolescent＇ s overweight and obesity. Nutrition education should be strengthened so as to promote children adolescent to change bad eating habits and lifestyle, which will maintain lifelong health related behavior and prevent the happening of the overweight and obesity.