ISDS中投资者与东道国权益平衡性探究——美国路径转变及对中国的启示

Study on the Balance between Investor and Host State in ISDS——Reference and inspiration of US pathway to China

为保护本国资本在域外的安全,欧美发达国家创设了投资者与国家间争端解决机制(ISDS),在条款设置上明显偏向投资者。随着资本流向的多元化和区域投资争端的频繁,美国开始调整投资者与东道国的权益保护关系,探索二者新的平衡点。作为处于经济社会转型发展期的发展中国家,中国拥有资本输入国和输出国的双重身份,尤其在当下"一带一路"战略背景下,如何发挥好ISDS这把"双刃剑"的作用对中国意义重大。借鉴美国在BIT范本修改路径和TPP文本的做法,针对ISDS在仲裁合法性、仲裁结构性问题和对东道国公共政策挑战等方面的问题,中国在未来签署BIT和FTA过程中应通过改进ISDS仲裁程序,约束仲裁员和仲裁庭,限制ISDS仲裁庭管辖权,强化过滤机制等以完善现有投资仲裁制度,努力寻求投资者与东道国之间的权益平衡。

In order to protect oversea investment, western countries have created the investorstate dispute settlement mechanism （IDSM）, which stipulates clear terms and conditions to protect investors. With the increasing capital flow from developing countries to developed countries and more lawsuits against developed countries, US begins to modify the relationship between investor and host sates and try to find a new balance. As a developing country in social transition period, China is a country with high capital exporting and importing. Particularly with the national strategy of ＂One Belt One Road＂, China need balance the rights and interests between investors and host state. Based pathways employed by US in its Model BITs and TPP, China should make some amendments or modifications to future BITs and FTAs, such as improving ISDS arbitration procedure, restraining power of arbitrators and arbitral tribunal, imposing and strengthening filtering mechanism in current investment arbitration system to meet the balance between investors and host states.