新文化空间的建构与前瞻：从耕读传家到乡村新习

Construction and Prospect of New Cultural Space:from the Family Heritage of Farming and Learning to New Trends in Village

村落社会构成中国文明的基本形态。从古至今,人们对它的营造、认知,恰如村落文化一样,持续、久远,又丰富多样。在中国传统认知体系里面,村落社会主要讲究的是与自然相合的"风水"及与人文相合的"耕读"。前者可看作是共时性,后者则是历时性。这也就奠定了中国传统村落社会的基本空间:在注重村落整体布局的基础上,突出庙宇、祠堂、学堂、家屋等的重要性。近些年来,人类学、民族学在研究中,引入了"空间"概念,则进一步深化了村落的认知体系。借助近年来田野调查案例,以文化空间为切入,讨论了村落新文化空间的形成与结构,及其给中国乡村社会,进而人类文明带来的效应。认为与20世纪80年代相比,时下的农村已有了质的变化,那里不仅有食物,而且还有各式各样的田园景观和人文精神,也构成一种人类发展的可能路径与前景。

Village society constitutes the fundamental form of Chinese civilization.Since ancient times,the construction and cognition of village society have been as continuous,long and rich as village culture itself.In traditional Chinese cognitive system,village society mainly attaches importance to ＂ Feng Shui＂ in harmony with nature as well as ＂farming and learning＂ in consistent with humanity,the former being regarded as synchronic and the latter diachronic,which lays the basic space of traditional village society in Chinawhere the role of temples,ancestral halls,schools,houses etc.are highlighted on the basis of the attention paid to the overall layout of the village.In recent years,the concept of space has been introduced into anthropology and ethnology studies,which deepens the cognitive system of village society.Based on cases of field investigation in recent years and starting from cultural space,this paper discusses the formation and structure of the new cultural space in village society,as well as its effect on Chinese rural society and human civilization as awhole.It is concluded that compared with 1980 s,qualitative changes have occurred in today＇s villages where there are not only food,but also various kinds of pastoral landscape and humanism,which creates apossible path and prospect for human development.