专用肥不同施用量对直播油菜生长和产量的影响

Effects of the Long-acting Formula Fertilizer Rate on Growth and Seed Yield of Direct-seeding Oilseed Rape

2014年10月在武汉市开展了直播油菜长效专用配方肥的大田试验,研究不同施肥量对油菜养分、生物量及产量构成和产量的影响。结果表明,施用油菜长效专用配方肥可以显著促进养分吸收,提高油菜生物量和养分积累量,增加有效株数和单株角果数,提高油菜子产量,比不施肥对照增产4.6~11.7倍;随着施肥量的增加,直播油菜地上部生物量和养分积累量先增加,在施肥量达750 kg/hm^2后保持稳定;净利润和产投比随着施肥量的增加,先增加后减小,在施肥量为900 kg/hm^2时达到最高。对于迟直播冬油菜,适当增加施肥量,可以在一定程度上通过增加有效株数和单株角果数来达到增产的目的本试验条件下油菜长效专用配方肥的适宜用量为885 kg/hm^2。

Field experiments were carried out during 2014-2015 oilseed rape cropping season in Wuhan, to study the effects of the long-acting formula fertilizer rate on the growth and seed yield of direct-seeding oilseed rape. The results indicated that the application of the long-acting formula fertilizer could significantly promote nutrient uptake, improve dry matters weight, nutrient accumulation, effective plants and pods per plant. It could also increase seed yield by 4.6 to 11.7 folds in comparison with control. The dry matter and nutrient accumulation of the direct-seeding oilseed rape increased first with increase the fertilizer application rate, and then kept stable at rate of 750 kg / hm^2. Effective plants and pods per plant followed the same pattern with dry matter and nutrient accumulation,however the critical application rate was much lower（600 kg / hm^2）.The net profit and the value-to-cost ratio initially increased, and then decreased, finally peaked at the application rate of900 kg/hm^2. For the late direct-seeding oilseed rape, increasing the formula fertilizer rate to a certain exterd could increase the effective plants and pods per plant to improve seed yield.