氰氨化钙在油菜上的施用效果分析

Effects of Calcium Cyan-amide on Rapeseed Production

采用育苗移栽和一次性施肥方式开展田间试验,在常规施用复合肥和碳酸氢氨作底肥的基础上,添加不同用量的氰氨化钙(CaCN_2),研究其对油菜(Brassica campestris L.)产量的影响和调节土壤p H、控制油菜根肿病的作用。结果表明,CaCN_2使土壤p H明显提高,但对油菜根肿病的直接作用效果不明显。CaCN_2作油菜底肥施用,肥效在油菜现蕾抽薹时起作用,增产效果极显著,施用300 kg/hm^2的CaCN_2,油菜产量达2 305.5 kg/hm^2,比对照增产71.5%;施用900 kg/hm^2的CaCN_2,油菜产量达2 976.0 kg/hm^2,比对照增产121.4%。但CaCN_2投资成本较高,比较油菜种植效益,以300 kg/hm^2的CaCN_2用量最为经济实用,油菜不计工本效益3 712元/hm^2,比对照高1 746元;而施用900 kg/hm^2的CaCN_2种植效益只有1 194元/hm^2,比对照低772元。因此建议油菜生产上CaCN_2的使用量以300 kg/hm^2为宜,结合种子包衣、苗床消毒等化学措施防治油菜根肿病。

To investigate the effects of calcium cyan-amide（CaCN2） on yield of rapeseed and soil pH,field experiment was conducted with different amount CaCN2 combined NPK complex-fertilizer in one-time application under transplanting system.The results showed that,the soil pH value was increased when CaCN2 was used,but its effects on clubroot disease were not very clear. As slow release N fertilizer,CaCN2 could promote the growth of rapeseed during later seedling stage and budding stage. The yield outputs of CaCN2 treatment extremely significantly increased compared to no CaCN2treatment（CK）, and it reached 2 305.5 kg / hm^2 when 300 kg / hm^2 CaCN2was used, increased by 71.5% compared with CK; and it increased to2 976.0 kg / hm^2 when 900 kg / hm^2 CaCN2was used,increased by 121.4% compared with CK. But the profit of rapeseed plant didn＇t the same,because the cost of CaCN2 was high. The economic benefit in 300 kg / hm^2 CaCN2treatment was 3 712 yuan per hectare,increased 1 746 yuan compared to CK; meanwhile, it decreased to 1 194 yuan / hm^2 in 900 kg / hm^2 CaCN2treatment. In summary,300 kg / hm^2 CaCN2could be applied for preventing clubroot disease in rapeseed production,combined with other measure,such as seed coating with germicide in direct sowing system or sterilizing seedbed in transplanting system.