氮磷钾肥配合运用减轻小麦抽穗期渍涝研究

Coordination of Nitrogen,Phosphate and Potassium Fertilizer to Alleviate Wheat Injury from Subsurface Waterlogging in the Heading Stage

在长江中下游地区,小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)生育后期因降水较多易受涝渍危害,对小麦生产影响较大。为减轻涝渍危害,在现有田间排水措施基础上综合运用其他措施尤为重要。对主推品种郑麦9023抽穗期田间连续渍水7 d,按完全随机区组进行试验设计,研究渍涝后采用不同施肥处理的促生减损效果。结果表明,渍涝后采取氮、磷、钾配合运用,可使小麦叶片中的丙二醛含量比渍水对照CK1显著降低47.2%、叶绿素含量显著提高85.3%,穗粒数显著提高24.0%,千粒重显著提高18.5%,从单株产量来看可减少产量损失27.20~36.93个百分点。综合节肥和减损效果,在渍涝后追施氮肥(折纯氮150 kg/hm^2)或采取配施氮(以纯氮计,150 kg/hm^2)、磷肥(以P_2O_5计,90 kg/hm^2)、钾肥(以K_2O计,90 kg/hm^2)的措施值得推荐。

In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,winter wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） is liable to waterlogging during the late period of wheat growth due to excessive precipitation which may produce a severe effect on wheat production.In order to alleviate waterlogging damage,comprehensive application of the other measures is very important in the basis of existing measures for field drainage. Aiming at that Zhengmai 9023（a main cultivar of wheat） suffer from waterlogging in the field for continuous seven days in the heading stage,an experiment was carried out which was designed according to completely random block so as to study the technical way to reduce waterlogging damage by adopting different fertilization treatments. The results showed that,adopting different combinations of top dressing fertilizer（fertilizing one of the nitrogen,phosphate and potassium fertilizer or any two and all of them） after waterlogging, compared with CK1,the treatment without NPK fertilizer,application of NPK fertilizer may reduce by 47.2% of the MDA and increase by 85.3% of chlorophyll contented in the wheat flag leaf,moreover,dressing fertilizer after waterlogging significantly improve the yield trait,enhancing the grains per spike by 24.0% and 1 000-grain weight by 18.5%,and yield loss is reduced by 27.20-36.93 percentage points compared with the trial treatment CK1. It is recommended that waterlogging damage of wheat in the heading stage can be effectively mitigated by dressing nitrogen fertilizer（dosage of pure nitrogen：150 kg / hm^2）,or combined application of nitrogen fertilizer（equivalently pure nitrogen of 150 kg / hm^2）,phosphate fertilizer（amount to P2O5 of 90 kg / hm^2） and potassium fertilizer（amount to K2O of 90 kg / hm^2）.