农村城镇化进程中物质代谢模式的变迁及环境响应

Transformation of the Substance Metabolism Model and its Response to Environment During the Rural Urbanization Process

城镇化是中国社会经济发展的必然趋势,已上升为国家战略。农村城镇化进程中,农村人口不断向城镇转移,非农产业大量产生,农村地区的生产、生活方式产生了巨大改变,打破了传统农村"资源-产品-废物-新资源"的物质闭路循环代谢模式,进而发展成为"资源-产品-废物"的物质单向代谢模式,造成农村地区日益严重的环境问题。作为对农村城镇化进程中物质代谢模式变化的响应,农村环境问题集中表现为农业生产污染加剧,农村生活污染快速增长,非农产业污染严重。因此,要从根本上解决农村城镇化进程中的环境问题,必须从重建物质闭路循环的代谢模式入手,发展区域农村循环经济,规划建设循环型生态城镇。

The urbanization is an inevitable trend of the social and economical development in China, which have risen as the national strategy. During the rural urbanization process, the rural population continuously migrated into cities and towns,and a large number of non-agricultural industries came into being, the production and living style of rural areas experienced great changes. The traditional closed-cycle substance metabolism model of rural areas such as ＂resources-products-wastes-new resources＂ was broken and then developed into the new one-way model such as ＂resources-products-wastes＂, which caused increasingly serious environmental problems. As response to the transformation of the substance metabolism model during the rural urbanization process, the environmental problems were centrally embodied by the intensified agricultural pollution,quickly growing rural domestic pollution, and serious non-agricultural pollution. Thus, in order to fundamentally solve environmental problems during the rural urbanization, it should develop the regional rural recycling economy, plan and construct the circular ecological towns starting from rebuilding the substance closed-cycle metabolism model.