烟草残体腐解特征及其对植烟土壤养分含量的影响

The Decomposition Characteristics of Tobacco Residues and Impact on Tobacco Field Soil

烤烟生产过程中和采收后产生大量的烟草残体。通过人工气候室控制水分和温度条件,模拟水田环境,采用网袋法考察烟叶、烟茎和烟根3种残体在土壤中的腐解率和腐解速度及其腐解对土壤的影响。结果表明,在100 d的试验期内,烟草3种残体都能较好的腐解,表现出前期快、后期慢的特点,烟叶、烟茎和烟根的残体腐解率分别达53.04%、46.48%、36.66%;烟草残体的腐解增加了土壤有机质含量,但未达显著水平;烟草残体的腐解对全量的N、P和K的影响较小,但对土壤速效养分含量的影响较大,土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾分别平均增加24.68、6.97、18.99 mg/kg。

It produces large amounts of tobacco residues in tobacco production process and post-harvest. The nylon mesh bag method was used to examine the decomposition rates and speed of three residues of tobacco（leaves, stems and roots） in the soil and that impact on tobacco field soil. The artificial climate chamber was used to control moisture and temperature conditions to simulated paddy field environment. The results showed that during the whole experiment period（100 days）, those residues decomposed well. The decomposition rate of tobacco residues was quick in early times while slow in later time. Tobacco leaves, stems and roots of residue decay rate was 53.04%, 46.48% and 53.04% respectively; Tobacco residues of decomposing and increased the soil organic matter content, but not significant; The influence of tobacco residues of decomposing on the amount of N, P and K was small, but it had major impact on soil available nutrient content, in which soil alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium average increased 24.68,6.97,18.99 mg / kg respectively.