近30年对干旱区内陆河流域土地利用/土地覆被转换的监测——以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例

Monitoring of Land Use/Land Cover Transformations in Inland River Basin of the Arid Area in the Recent 30 Years:Taking Manasi River Basin in Xinjiang as an Example

基于1989、2000和2014年的3期Landsat卫星图像数据,采用Intensity analysis方法,从时间间隔、类型和转换3个水平上分析了新疆维吾尔自治区玛纳斯河流域2个连续的时间间隔中7个土地利用类型之间的转换特征。结果表明,从1989-2000年时间间隔到2000-2014年时间间隔内,流域土地利用的变化整体上由活跃趋于平缓。从第一个时间间隔(1989-2000年)到第二个时间间隔(2000-2014年),未利用地、草地和耕地的年增加面积都较大,但增加速率减小了;草地减少的变化有所减缓,而增加的变化趋于活跃;未利用地减少的变化较为平缓,而增加的变化趋于活跃;水域和建设用地的增加和减少变化都很活跃。从第一个时间间隔到第二个时间间隔内,草地的年减少面积主要是向未利用地转换,其次是耕地;两个时间间隔内,未利用地的增量第一个时间间隔内主要依靠草地和冰雪地的转入,第二个时间间隔内主要来自草地和耕地的转入;两个时间间隔内,耕地的增量主要来自草地和未利用地的转出,并且各土地利用类型向耕地的转出强度都减弱了。

On the basis of landsat thematic mapper satellite imagery of 1989, 2000, and 2014, and by using intensity analysis method, the characters of transitions among seven land categories during two consecutive time intervals were analyzed from three levels of the time interval, category, and transition. The results showed that, the change of land use was slowing down in the basin from time interval of 1989 to 2000 to time interval of 2000 to 2014. The unused land, grassland and farmland had larger size of annual gains during both time intervals, but the increasing rate decreased; the change of grassland decreased gently, and the change of increase was more active; the unused land lost gently, but it gained actively. Water and building land gained and lost very actively. From the first time interval to second time interval, grassland lost first to unused land and second to farmland in terms of the area of the annual transition; the increase of unused land was mainly from the grassland, ice and snow in the first time interval and from the grassland and farmland in the second time interval;in the two time intervals, farmland gained mainly from grassland and unused land in terms of the area of the annual transition, and the intensity of the land use types to the farmland was reduced.