近25年干旱区土地利用变化对生态安全弹性恢复的影响——以温宿县为例

Nearly 25 Years of Land Use Change Effects on Arid Zone Elastic Recovery of Ecological Safety Barriers:Taking Wensu County as an Example

根据温宿县1990、2002与2015年TM影像资料,结合Fragstats软件计算出景观指数,评价景观多样性、优势度、破碎化,并进行生态安全分析。结果表明,(1)温宿县耕地面积持续上升,水体和草地面积持续下降,盐渍面积持续上升。砂地的前多后少和林地的前少后多。(2)耕地的优势度逐步上升,砂地、干涸湖底、草地和林地先降后升,盐渍地先升后降,水体持续减少。(3)耕地破碎化先是急剧降低,而后有少量上升,水体和盐渍地破碎化降低,林地持续上升、草地先减后增以及砂地先增后减。(4)耕地和林地的分离度持续降低,水体的分离度持续升高以及草地、砂地、盐渍地上下波动。(5)景观多样性虽然上下波动,但总体有上升趋势,通过景观类型多样性指数看出景观逐年丰富。(6)温宿县景观生态弹性度显"V"字型变化,先是由1990年的2.33×106下降为2002年的2.11×106,然后再增加到2015年的2.88×106。

In the paper, using the Wensu County in 1990 and 2002 and 2015 TM image with FRAGSTATS software to calculate the landscape index, evaluation of landscape diversity, dominance, fragmentation and ecological security analysis. Results show that：（1）cultivated land area of Wensu County continued to rise, the continued decline in water and grass, and saline land continued to rise. Before and after less sand forest after little more than before.（2） gradually increased the dominance of cultivated land, sand, dry lakebed, grassland and woodland rise after the first drop,saline soil decreased. Continuous reduction of water body.（3）the fragmentation of cultivated land is sharply reduced, and a small rise, reduce water and saline alkaline land fragmentation,a sustained rise in the woodland and grassland decreased first and then increased and Sandy’s first increase and decrease.（4）farmland and woodland separation continued to decrease, the separation of the water continued to rise and grassland, Sandy and saline on the fluctuations.（5）landscape diversity of although fluctuations, but overall there is a rising trend, through the landscape diversity index see landscape rich year after year.（6）the change of the ＂V＂ type of landscape ecological elasticity in Wensu county. The first is from 1990 2.33×10^6down to 2.11×10^6in 2002, and then increased to 2.88×10^6in 2015.