基于效用函数和因子分析建立农村宅基地统一用地标准研究——以处于不同经济发展阶段的3类村镇为例

Establishment of a unified land use standard of rural residential land based on utility function and factor analysis—Taking three types of villages and towns in different stages of economic development as an example

针对我国农村宅基地用地标准不统一的现状,提出了基于农户建房预算支出,满足生活、生产、生态需求的消费效用函数,并评价了影响宅基地面积的主要影响因子,以规避过分考虑地域差异而难以制定统一用地标准,从而完善整顿宅基地流转市场,对解决小产权房问题提供借鉴。运用SPSS多元线性回归模型以及因子分析对2 000份农户调查问卷进行分析,通过效用函数计算出在满足农户宅基地需求的前提下效用最大化的农村宅基地面积,保证节约用地。结果显示:所需农村宅基地集约用地面积为43.98~54.23 m^2/人,与实际人均农村宅基地面积83.32~105.56 m^2/人存在明显差距。可见,我国农村土地集约利用潜力巨大,不同的村镇都存在宅基地浪费现象,在规范宅基地用地规模过程中,应注重政策的统一性、切实做到合理规划、合理管制,不仅利于村镇自身发展,也利于人与自然和谐共存。

In view of the unified rural residential land standard in China,this paper put forward the consumption utility function based on housing budget expenditure,which met the demand of life,production and ecology,and evaluated the effects of main factors of homestead area,in order to avoid unified standard because of too much considering the regional differences.In this way,we can improve the homestead circulation market and provide a reference for solving the problem of small property right.By using the multiple linear regression model and factor analysis of survey data from 2000 households,this paper adopted utility function method to calculate the maximize rural residential land with the prerequisite of meeting the demand and economical use of land.The results show that： the intensive land use of residential land in rural areas is 43.98~54.23 m2 per person and there is a significant gap of the actual residential land,which is 83.32~105.56 m2 per person.Therefore,China＇s rural land intensive utilization has huge potential,and there is a waste of land more or less in different villages and towns.In the process of regulating the Homestead Land Use Scale,we should pay attention to the policy of unity,rational planning,reasonable regulation,this is not only conducive to rural development,but also conducive to the harmonious coexistence of human and nature.