覆膜对旱地冬小麦产量与土壤水分动态的影响

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Grain Yield and Soil Moisture Dynamics in Dryland Winter Wheat

通过大田试验研究了不同覆膜措施对旱地冬小麦产量和土壤水分动态的影响,试验设测控施肥、垄膜沟播＋测控施肥和平膜穴播＋测控施肥3种方式。结果表明,平膜穴播＋测控施肥处理可显著提高产量,产量高达12 823.33 kg/hm2,在产量构成因素中,穗数和穗粒数是增产的主要因素;夏闲期土壤水分得到补充与恢复,播种时平膜穴播＋测控施肥处理下2 m土壤贮水量显著提高,尤其是0~140 cm土层保水效果较好;平膜穴播＋测控施肥处理耗水较多,较其他处理水分利用效率提高0.66%~7.37%。因此,平膜穴播＋测控施肥是最适宜山西晋南地区的覆膜栽培模式。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different film nulching measures on dryland winter wheat yield and soil moisture dynamics. Three experimental designs were measurement-control fertilize, ridge film furrow sowing with measurement-control fertilize and flat film dibbling with measurement-control fertilize. The results showed that the flat film dibbling with measurement-control fertilize could significantly increase the yield up to 12 823.33 kg/hm2, spike and grain number were main factors to increase production. Soil moisture in summer fallow period was supplemented and restored. Flat film dibbling with measurement-control fertilize significantly increased 2 m soil water storage in sowing stage, especially 0-140 cm soil water retaining effect was better. Flat film dibbling with measurement-control fertilize had more water consumption increased 0.66%-7.37% water use efficiency compared with other treatments. Therefore, flat film dibbling with measurement-control fertilize is the most suitable film cultivation mode in Jinnan area of Shanxi.