旧石器时期以来新疆文化遗址分布特征及驱动因素

The Distributional Characteristics and Drive Factors of Cultural Heritage Sites and Relics since the Paleolithic Age in Xinjiang,China

运用最近邻指数和耦合分析方法,研究了旧石器时期至近现代新疆432处文化遗址时空分布特征及驱动因素。结果表明:(1)新疆文化遗址属于聚集分布模式,集中分布在以12个聚集区为主的丝绸之路南道、中道、北道和塔城—阿勒泰地区4个带。中道和北道的遗址数量约占总量的80.11%。(2)新疆文化遗址可划分为旧石器—商朝、西周—秦朝、汉代—南北朝、隋唐—五代、宋元明、清朝—近现代6个时期,不同时期遗址分布重心经历了塔城—阿勒泰→丝绸之路南道和中道→丝绸之路中道和北道→丝绸之路中道的演变。(3)文化遗址的格局演化与历史时期新疆自然和人文因素等有很好的耦合关系,文化遗址的快速发展期(如西汉、隋唐)与气候的相对凉湿期、中原政权的强盛、屯垦的高潮期、丝绸之路的繁荣期相对应。(4)文化遗址空间分布主要受控于自然因素,而时间变迁更多的是受人文因素的影响。早期自然因素的影响大,而后期人文力量起主导作用,是新疆文化遗址变迁与自然和人文耦合关系的总规律。

432 cultural heritage sites and relics in Xinjiang was selected in this paper,the Nearest Neighbor Index and coupling analysis were performed to study the sites＇ spatial-temporal distribution and drive factors.The results show that：（1）The Nearest Neighbor Index value of sites is 0.75,and it belongs to causal distributional pattern,with the 12 causal distribution regions.These sites belong to the Northern,Middle,Southern sections of the Silk Road Bands,and the Tacheng-Altay area,and the Middle,Northern sections are the most important areas,with the proportion of 80.11%.（2）The cultural heritages can be divided into six different stages,including the embryonic stage,development stage,rising stage,boom stage,decline stage,and the peak stages.The transfer of gravity centre of cultural heritage sites distribution is TachengAltay-South and Middle sections of Silk Road-Middle and North sections of Silk Road-Middle section of Silk Road＂ in different stages.（3）The cultural heritages has a good coupling relationship with nature environmental changes,human factor rise and decline,including climates,central regime,wasteland,Silk Road.（4）The cultural heritages sites＇ spatial-temporal distribution are mainly controlled respective by the natural environments and humane factors.In the early periods,the natural environment factors played a big part in it,while in the later,the humane factors had main effect on it.This is general law between cultural heritage sites and natural environments,human factors.