外资企业具有更高的环境效率吗——以东莞市为例

Do FDI Firms Have Higher Environmental Efficiency—Take Dongguan as an Example

研究结果表明,当把整个生产流程分为生产阶段和治理阶段后,相对于内资企业,外资企业具有更高的环境效率,主要归因于更高的治理效率,生产效率与内资企业并无显著差异。这说明外资企业没有在生产阶段使用更清洁的生产技术,而是利用我国的廉价资源进行粗放式生产,产生较多的污染物,在治理阶段加大治污力度才达到环保标准。进一步研究发现,外资的这种效率差异主要是由外资独资企业和港澳台企业引起,中外合资企业和来自欧美等发达国家外企的生产效率、治理效率和环境效率与内资企业均无显著差异。

When dividing the whole production into production progress and management progress,our study shows that compared to domestic firms,FDI firms have higher environmental efficiency owing to higher management efficiency while the production efficiency is not significantly different from that of domestic firms. The results indicate that FDI firms don't employ cleaner production technology in the production progress. On the contrary,they mainly make extensive production with our cheap resource which results in more pollution and then strengthen pollution abatement to meet the environmental standard. Further research suggests that the difference between domestic firms and FDI firms in efficiency is caused by solely foreignowned enterprises and FDI firms from Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan rather than Chinese-foreign joint ventures and FDI firms from developed countries.