1918—1922年南方政府争取关余分配权的斗争及交涉

Southern Government' Efforts and Negotiations in the Custom Surplus during 1918—1922

1918—1922年间,南方政府、列强与北京政府三方围绕关余分配权问题展开了博弈及交涉。南方政府要求分拨关余的动机纯粹出于疏解财政困难的经济目的,但由于这一要求挑战了列强对中国海关的行政管理权与关税分配权,故而其举动也具有了某种外争国权的政治上的意味。南方政府于1919年7月起获取部分关余有其特定的历史背景。这一成果的取得,是在孙中山受西南军阀排挤被迫离粤后发生的,列强允许西南军阀把持下的南方政府获取关余有分化南方政府的目的。此外,由于时值"一战"结束,列强借机敦促南、北方政权举行和谈,并将分拨关余问题用做促和工具。1920—1922年间,南方政府再次提出关余交涉正值孙中山回归广州重建政权,由于列强对孙中山及领导下的政权采取敌视政策,他们对南方政府的要求未予响应。关余问题的交涉只在南方政府一方与总税务司安格联之间展开,而安格联的努力也未获列强及北京政府的支持,因此,南方政府在争取关余分拨上的第二次尝试也只能以失败告终。

Frequent contests and negotiations had happened around customs surplus allocations among the Southern Government,Beijing Government and the Foreign Powers during 1918- 1922.The Southern claim for customs surplus was purely economically motivated,however,their demands challenged the foreign powers' privileges on China Customs' administration and tariffs allocation and their behavior had some political meanings of 'defending their sovereignty'. From July 1919,under special historical background,the Southern Government successfully gained its first allocation for customs surplus. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's exclusion from the Southern Government was one reason for the foreign powers' consent to their allocation. Another and more important reason was the end of the First World War. In the context of peaceful atmosphere after the war,the powers tried to persuade Beijing Government to come to compromise with the Southern Government and use the right for allocating customs surplus as a promotion tool for peace. Dr.Sun Yat-sen reestablished his authority at Canton in 1920,from then on to 1922,his government asked the powers again to allocate their surplus shares. Being hostile to Dr. Sun Yat-sen and his government,the foreign powers gave no response to their request. The negotiation for customs surplus allocation had only been held between the representative of the Southern and the Inspector General of the Customs Sir Francis A. Aglen. Accordingly,this second effort for allocating their shares of customs surplus by the Southern came to an end with no gain.