父母对未成年子女的人身安全保护义务研究

Research on Protection Duty of Parents on Minor Children's Personal Safety

父母基于血缘对未成年子女享有亲权,其内在地要求父母照顾其未成年子女,再加上外部环境的危险性,父母对未成年子女的人身安全负有不可推卸的保护义务。比较其他国家的立法经验,为了凸显对未成年子女权益的保障,其均确立了未成年子女利益最大化原则,要求父母平等共同地行使亲权,并剥夺滥用者的亲权。为此,应当在确立亲权制度的基础上,构建我国父母对未成年子女的人身安全保护义务,父母应当悉心照料未成年子女的身心健康,积极预防、消除其成长环境中的危险,并且保护义务的内容应当随着年龄段的变化而调整。此外,当父母违反相应的保护义务,滥用亲权致使未成年子女人身利益遭受严重损害时,特定的利害关系人或组织、机关有权向法院申请剥夺该行为方父母的亲权。

Parents enjoy the parental power of minor children based on the natural blood,which inherently requires parents to take care of their minor children,coupled with the risks of external environment,parents bear inescapable protection duty on their minor children's personal safety. Compared with other countries' legislative experience,in order to highlight the protection of minor children's rights and interests,they all have established the principle of minor children's interests maximization,which requires parents to employ the parental power equally and jointly,depriving the abuser of their parental power as legal punishment. Therefore,based on the establishment of parental right system,constructing parents' protection duty on minor children's personal safety,parents are supposed to take good care of minor children's health both in physical and mental,preventing and eliminating the risks from their growing environment,the substances of protection duty are supposed to be adjusted according to the changes of ages. In addition,while parents violate corresponding protection duty,abusing the parental power which results in serious damages on minor children's personal interests,the particular interested person,organization or institution has the right to apply to the court for depriving the parents' parental power.