西安市60岁以上老年人肺炎疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素

Investigation on the pneumonia vaccination willingness and its influence factors among elderly residents over 60 years in Xi' an City

目的研究西安市老年人对肺炎球菌疫苗的认知和接种意愿的影响因素,促进老年人接种肺炎疫苗,为更好地落实老年人肺炎疫苗接种工作提出政策建议。方法从西安市6个城区中随机抽取一个区,在所抽区中随机抽取2个社区,每个社区各选取300名60岁以上的常住老年人,进行面对面问卷调查,收集一般情况,健康状况,肺炎疫苗的知晓情况及接种意愿、接种情况等信息。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归分析方法,分析影响西安市老年人肺炎疫苗接种意愿的因素及相关情况。结果西安市60岁以上老年人肺炎疫苗接种意愿与文化程度、经济收入、是否患有慢性病有关,文化程度、经济收入越高及自身患有慢性病的人更愿意接种肺炎疫苗。肺炎疫苗未接种的原因主要是身体健康患肺炎的概率很小(59.50%),不清楚有肺炎疫苗(42.50%)和疫苗不在医保,价格难以支付(24.33%)。Logistic回归模型显示疫苗认知和接种意愿与月收入、是否有慢性病有统计学关系(P<0.05)。结论积极开展有针对性的宣传,提高老年人群对肺炎疾病防制及疫苗的知识水平,引导老年人主动接种肺炎疫苗,另外将肺炎疫苗费用支付纳入医保范围,减轻居民的经济负担也是提高老年人肺炎疫苗接种率的有效办法。

Objective To investigate the pneumonia vaccination willingness and its influence factors among elderly residents over 60 years in Xi an City, in order to promote vaccination acceptance and provide policy recommendations for the pneumococcal vaccination project . Methods One district out of the 6 districts of Xian City was randomly selected, two communities were randomly selected, 300 elderly over 60 years old were collected from these two communities, questionnaire survey was conducted, basic information, such as physical conditions as well as awareness and willingness for the vaccination were collected, single and multi - factor logistic analysis were used for data analysis. Results Among the elderly over 60 years old in Xi an City, the pneumonia vaccination willingness was related with education level, income, and whether suffering from chronic disease. The willingness was stronger in those with higher education level, higher income and those suffering from chronic diseases. The logistic regression model showed that the monthly income, and whether suffering from chronic diseases, were influence factors of the vaccination willingness （ P 〈 0. 05 ） . Conclusions Extensive and targeted health education should be actively carried out to improve the knowledge of disease prevention and pneumococcal vaccine, and guide the elderly to actively accept pneumococcal vaccination. In addition, to include the cost of pneumonia vaccine into medical insurance system, and reduce the economic burden of residents, all these measures would be effective to promote the acceptance rate of pneumonia vaccine.