我国城市化中农村土地新增价值再分配问题研究——“城中村”模式与“宅基地换房”模式的比较分析

Research on the Mode of China's Rural Land Add Value Redistribution:Comparative and Reference Between “Village in Urban”Mode and “Homestead Exchange”Mode

新城镇化进程中,纳入城镇发展规划中的农村土地使用权流转与新增价值合理分配问题,是一个未为理论界足够重视却具有典型意义的领域。目前,不同地区正在进行城乡土地再规划与再配置试验,旨在透过试点找到适宜的政策模式。是否拥有政策制定的自主弹性、经济表现的好坏、城市土地资源的多寡、城市发展瓶颈大小、土地转移自由度、土地新增价值高低等都是影响城市规划的重要因素。深圳特区与天津滨海新区分别为我国南北方的重要经济热点,两者在发展阶段、成长模式有所差异,但土地资源制约经济增长的情况却十分相近,具有一定的可比性。深圳"城中村"模式与天津滨海新区为解决发展用地问题而探索的"宅基地换房"模式彰显我国城市化中农村土地资源再分配机制中政府扮演的角色差异及市场机制运行优劣,以此相互比较可了解农村土地再分配制度改革的全貌。在城市化进程中,农村土地资源再分配制度设计能否适时引入市场机制、解决农民身份问题、优化利益结构、权衡与民"争利"与为民"谋利"等都是需要思考的关键性问题。探讨城市化中农村土地再分配制度变迁对土地新增价值分配的影响,同时观察政府、企业、民众三者之间的互动,进而说明在城乡二元化传统与经济改革对土地价格扭曲的影响下,如何提升我国城市化中农村土地再分配机制效能。

At present, central government is trying to carry out some tests on urban and rural land re - planning and redistribution in different locations, hoping to find out the appropriate policy mode through pilot projects. However, whether having the autonomy flexibility in policy making, the performance of local economy ,the amount of urban land resources, the bottleneck size of urban modernization, the liberalization extent of land migration, the level of residual value of urban land are all important factors which will affect local urban planning. Shenzhen and Tianjin Binhai are on behalf of our most important economic hotspots, despite the differences in their development stage and growth mode, it is very similar in the case of land resourced restrai-ning effect to economic growth. So, the comparison between this two can be roughly understand the overall reform of our country. Shenzhen “village in urban” mode and Tianjin “homestead exchange” mode can highlight the different role which the government plays in land redistribution mechanism and the operation quality of market mechanism. In the reconstruction process of land redistribution system, whether or not introduce the market mechanism timely, solve farmers identity problem, optimization configuration of vested interest and reform class, balance the trade - offs between struggle＇s peopled interest and prof itpeopled interest, are all keys to whether the reform succeeds. To create a high efficiency usage patterns, it still needs the promotion of market logic and the directly affect of market reform. This study will investigate the impact of the changes of land redistribution process system to land surplus value distribution, at the same time, observe the interaction between the government, enterprises and the public, and also, how rural land redistribution seek out from the two element structure and land price distortions lead by economic reform.