近代教会大学外籍女教师来华动因探析

An Analysis of Motivations of Foreign Female Teachers to Come to Modern Chinese Church Universities

近代中国教会大学教师群体中存在大批外籍女教师。她们不远万里纷纷涌入华夏大地并长期执教于中国的教会大学,在近代中国的高等教育、近代中国的女性教育、女性观的觉醒、中西文化交流等方面都作出了不可磨灭的贡献。探其原因,既有个人与社会背景,也有历史与现实的抉择,更有客观原因与主观因素的影响。具体而言,一是纷繁多样的个人原因;二是世界范围内福音复兴运动、学生志愿海外传教运动及西方基督教女子社会改革运动的推动;三是中国社会对教会态度上的变化及高等教育发展的需求;四是女传教士前辈们兴学经验的传承与激励。

There are a large number of foreign female teachers at modern Chinese church universities. They came all the way to teach in China. They have made immortal contributions to China’s higher education, women＇s education and the awakening of the view on women in modern China. They also helped promote cultural exchanges between China and the West. The hidden reasons are various, for they are concerned with personal condition and social background, historical and realistic choices, and some objective and subjective factors. To be specific, the first one is the personal factor influenced by various conditions. The second is the promotion by the world-wide evangelistic movement, missionary movement launched by overseas voluntary students and the Western Christian women’s social reform movements. The third is the changing attitude of the Chinese society towards the church and the demand of Chinese higher education. The fourth is the inheritance and inspiration of running school by female missionaries.