城乡大学生家庭高等教育负担比及其影响因素——基于S大学本科生的调查

The Higher Education Burden Rate among Urban and Rural College Students' families and Its Influencing Factors:A Survey Based on Undergraduates at S University

随着我国城乡居民收入差距不断拉大,高校"一视同仁"收取学杂费的政策与大学生按照支付能力分担高等教育成本的原则之间的矛盾,在农村家庭里表现得十分突出。基于S大学在读本科生问卷调查数据,采用计量分析方法,对城乡大学生家庭高等教育负担比及其影响因素进行实证分析。结果显示:(1)总体上看,城乡大学生家庭高等教育负担比分别为13.11%和26.64%,城乡之间存在显著差异,且该负担比在城乡内部也存在差异;(2)家庭可支配收入、学生个体特征以及家庭特征均在不同程度上影响城乡大学生家庭高等教育负担比,其中,家庭可支配收入是决定性因素;(3)城乡家庭收入差距是影响大学生家庭高等教育负担比差异的决定性因素。因此,有必要转变传统的高等教育付费模式,促使大学生自己更多分担教育费用;实施高等教育差别收费制度,高校拟定弹性学杂费标准,加大对农村大学生的学费折扣和助学资助力度;政府出台优惠政策,缩小城乡收入差距,引导和帮助农村家庭增收,减轻农村家庭高等教育负担。

As the widening gap between the income of urban and rural residents, the contradiction between the equal tuition fees standard and the principle of sharing the costs of higher education is very prominent, especially in rural families. Based on the survey data of undergraduates in S University and by using quantitative calculation and regression analysis models, this paper studies higher educational burden rate of college students from urban and rural families and the influencing factors. The conclusions are as follows. Firstly, there are conspicuous differences in household higher educational burden rate between urban and rural families. The figure is 13.11%and 26.64%respectively. Secondly, household disposable income and college students’ individual and family characteristics affect household higher educational burden rate to different extent, among which household disposable income is a decisive factor. Thirdly, the household income gaps between urban and rural families is a decisive influencing factor on the rate of burden. Therefore, following measures could be adopted. First, it is necessary to change the traditional pattern of higher educational tuition payment model. For example, college students are supposed to share more costs of higher education by themselves. Second, we need to put the higher educational differential charge system into use, formulate flexible college tuition fees standard, and strengthen compensation and assistance for college students from rural areas. Third, the government might as well introduced preferential policies to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, guide and help increase rural families＆#39; income so as to reduce the higher educational burden on rural households.